Statement of Problem: Ultrasonic Scaling is one of the main sources of producing infected aerosols in dentistry. These aerosols are able to spread pathogens such as microorganisms associated with tuberculosis, conjunctivitis, influenza and other respiratory diseases, herpetic and other skin diseases, ADIS and hepatitis B. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of an aerosol- reduction device attaching to Ultrasonic scaler hand piece. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 18 patients participated. Randomly, mandibular and maxillary quadrants of one side, in each subject, were scaled using an Ultrasonic scaler with aerosol- reduction device for 5 minutes. After 30 minutes, another quadrant was scaled by Ultrasonic scaler without aerosol- reduction device. In order to determine the effectiveness of aerosol- reduction device, blood agar plates attached to the surgical mask of the operator, 30 cm far from the patient's mouth, were incubated in 37ºc for three days and the colonies were counted. Median, Interquartile eange and Wilcoxon test, at the 0.05 level of significance, were used to analyze the data. Results: The median and interquartile range for the number of colony forming units (CFUS) without aerosol- reduction device was 17.5 (8, 24), while the median for the number of CFUS when using aerosol-reduction device was 0 (0, 1), indicating significant statistical difference (P<0.001) Conclusion: The aerosol- reduction device significantly reduces the amount of aerosols produced during Ultrasonic scaling.

Background and Aim: Vertical jump test is an important measure to investigate the power and explosive strength, lower extremity injuries mechanism and time estimation of return to sport after the injuries among the athletes. The present study intends to introduce a new developed device which is designed to register and analyze the vertical jump. It also investigates the validity and the reliability of this device.Materials and Methods: The new designed device includes Ultrasound Waves producer sensors which measure the jump after touching the head. Yagami Sargent vertical jump device was applied to investigate the validity of the new device. So, 15 Volleyball, basketball and handball players from the national teams were selected. Any of the selected athletes completed the vertical jump protocol with Yagami Sargent and also with Ultrasonic jump device for 5 times. To check the validity of the new designed device (investigate the correlation between two devices), Pearson correlation coefficient was applied. To investigate the reliability of Ultrasonic jump device, Interclass correlation (ICC) was applied.Results: The findings show that there is high reliability between the results collected from Yagami Sargent device and Ultrasonic jump device (r=0.91). Also there is a high ICC rate for the 5 vertical jump tests (ICC=0.96).Conclusion: The findings show that Ultrasonic Jump device is reliable in measuring the vertical jump and in the meantime has a high validity in such measurement. Therefore, applying this device is highly recommended for a fast and accurate vertical jump measurement.

Spontaneous migration of an intrauterine device into the bladder is very rare. Foreign bodies of the urinary bladder may occur by self-insertion or migration from neighbor organs. When ignored for a long time, foreign bodies act as a core for calculus formation. The patient usually present with dysuria and intermittent urinary tract infections.A 42-year-old woman is reported in whom an intrauterine device had been placed 7 years before this report, and complained of chronic pelvic pain, recurrent urinary tract infections and irritative urinany tract symptoms. After observation of stone in the bladder, the intrauterine device and the surrounded stone was removed by suprapubic cystolithotomy.

Background: Ultrasonic bone-cutting devices (UBC) arenewcutting tools and have low frequency Ultrasonic blade. There is limiteddata on the safety and effectiveness of using Ultrasonic bone-cutting devices in the treatment of adult spinal deformities (ASD). Objectives: This Retrospective review of prospectively collected data was designed to determine if the use of an Ultrasonic bonecuttingdevice is safe in the adult spinal deformity population and to compare its effectiveness in blood loss reduction by using acomparison group from a prospective multicenter database of adult spinal deformity patients. Methods: Nineteen consecutive surgical ASD cases in which the UBC was used were compared with 19 propensity-matched casesfrom a prospective ASD database in which conventional bone cutting instruments were used. The two groups were matched basedon age, ASA, and number of levels fused posteriorly. The need for blood transfusion, volume of blood transfusion if required, estimatedblood loss (EBL), and total operating time were compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed using non-parametricMann-Whitney U test and Spearman’ s Correlation test (P < 0. 05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in any measured parameter between the two groups. While the EBL differencebetween the two groups (925mLin the study group vs. 1628mLin the control group) was not statistically significant (P = 0. 142), the 703 mL difference is clinically relevant. In addition, no complications directly related to the use of the UBC were reported. Conclusions: The use of an Ultrasonic bone-cutting device was shown to be safe and effective in the surgical treatment of ASD. It resulted in a 43% reduction in EBL, which was clinically relevant and statistically non-significant, without the addition of anycomplications. We did not identify statistical differences in transfusion rates, EBL, or operative time, which may be due to our smallsample size.

New surgical technologies are continuously being developed to enhance control during operations and mitigate injuries resulting from surgical procedures. One such advancement is the Ultrasonic laparoscopic surgical tool known as the Ultrasonic scalpel, which is designed to minimize surgery-related injuries when used alongside conventional tools. Establishing optimal input parameters for this Ultrasonic instrument not only enhances operational reliability but also decreases the risk of resultant injuries. Ongoing research investigates the impact of varying power and duration of Ultrasonic vibrations, along with the equivalent energy input into the blood vessel during surgery, on tissue mechanical characteristics and thermal effects. This study assesses the ability of sheep carotid artery tissues to withstand blood pressure within the vessel and examines thermal damage through pressure testing and optical imaging. Findings indicate that maintaining constant time at specific power yields maximum pressure tolerance at optimal power levels. However, varying the time at specific power settings produces different effects. For instance, the highest blood pressure resistance, at 1100 mmHg, was observed at 44 Watt of power over a 10 second duration at 10 newton. Furthermore, results demonstrate that increased energy input correlates with heightened thermal damage to surrounding tissues during the operation.